Calcium nitrate, also known as Norgessalpeter
(Norwegian saltpeter), is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca
(NO3) 2. This colorless salt absorbs moisture from the air and is commonly
found as a tetrahydrate.
Uses:
1. Agriculture
The fertilizer grade of this compound (15.5-0-0 +
19% Ca) is widely used in greenhouses and hydroponic businesses; contains
ammonium nitrate and water, as a "double salt" {\ displaystyle {\ ce
{5Ca (NO3) 2.NH4NO3.10H2O}}} {\ displaystyle {\ ce {5Ca (NO3)
2.NH4NO3.10H2O}}}. Calcium nitrate is also used to control certain plant
diseases. For example, a dilute calcium nitrate (and calcium chloride) spray is
used to control the formation of holes and blockages in apple trees.
2. Wastewater treatment, Calcium nitrate is used in
wastewater pre-conditioning for odor emission prevention. Wastewater
pre-conditioning is based on establishing anoxic biology in the wastewater
system. In the presence of nitrates, metabolism for sulfates comes to a halt,
thus preventing the formation of hydrogen sulfide. Apart from that,
biodegradable organic material is consumed, which otherwise could lead to
anaerobic conditions in the downstream as well as the emission of the odor
itself. This concept also applies to excess sludge treatment.
3. Concrete
Calcium nitrate is used in accelerated concrete
mixing sets. The use of this compound in concrete and mortar is based on two
effects. Calcium ions accelerate the formation of calcium hydroxide and thereby
result in precipitation and regulation. This effect is used also in cold
weather resistant concrete agents as well as some combined plasticizers.
Nitrate ion leads to the formation of iron hydroxide, which is able to reduce
corrosion of reinforcing concrete through its protective coating.
4. Latex coagulant
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